Theories of Electricity and Magnetism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Speculations of Electricity and Magnetism - Essay Example It is conceivable to change an electric field into an attractive field and the other way around. This paper will accordingly break down the properties of power and attraction and their relationship with separate hypotheses. Attraction There are three essential properties of attraction. These properties are the fundamental practices of magnets and they characterize laws that administer attraction. The main property of attraction is the bipolar property. As indicated by this property, a magnet has two dissimilar to posts. It is likewise difficult to isolate the two shafts of a magnet or to make a monopole magnet. This shows at whatever point a magnet is part into two pieces, two not at all like shafts consistently result making two autonomous and complete magnets. The second property of attraction is the fascination of not at all like shafts and aversion of like posts. This noteworthy property shapes the premise of most speculations that oversees attraction. The third property of attra ction is the presence of an attractive field or the locale around the magnet inside which the impacts of a magnet are experienced (David 109). A magnet has a solid field around its posts and its quality shifts contrarily with the good ways from the magnet. Hypotheses of attraction depend on the three properties and they clarify why magnets carry on the manner in which they do. Attractive speculations are additionally used to anticipate events that can't be checked truly as the three properties. The principal huge hypothesis of attraction is the Weber’s hypothesis of attraction. As indicated by this hypothesis, the attractive property of a magnet depends on the attractive property of every individual particle. Weber guessed that every particle carries on like a small magnet that has the bipolar property talked about above. As indicated by Weber’s hypothesis, the distinction between a magnet and non-magnet results from the attractive field of each atomic magnet. During t he charge procedure, the atoms of a bit of material are adjusted one way with all their south shafts and north posts looking a comparative way. In an un-charged material inverse posts of every individual atom are arranged a comparable way bringing about crossing out of the attractive power. Such a material will have zero resultant power (David 119). This hypothesis is firmly identified with the bipolar property of a magnet. As per the hypothesis, the two posts of every magnet results from the principal sub-atomic magnet that shapes the magnet viable. The powerlessness to make a monopole magnet likewise has its premise on the presence of bipolar atoms. Each split or partition of a magnet results into two free magnets with autonomous south shafts and north posts. This is on the grounds that the parting of a magnet doesn't influence the heading of the attractive power of every individual molar magnet. At long last, the hypothesis bolsters the field property of magnets. This is on the g rounds that the attractive field around every magnet results from the combined field of every individual atom. The second critical hypothesis of attraction is the area hypothesis. This hypothesis depends on the circling or turning of electrons around the core. The turning of electrons makes both an electric and attractive field around the electron. At the point when the vast majority of the electrons inside an iota turn a comparative way, an attractive field results around the molecule. Attraction results from the resultant impacts of such electrons. Then again, the iotas of a non-charged mater

The Impressionistic Period essays

The Impressionistic Period expositions The Impressionistic Period occurred during the last 50% of the nineteenth century and the starting portion of the twentieth century. Impressionistic music was first begun by Claude Debussy, a French writer. He likewise established the impressionist school of music. The Impressionistic Period began as a rebel against German sentimentalism. The impact of the French impressionist works of art likewise helped structure this style of music. Debussys music was brief, exquisite, and rather chilly, dissimilar to the period previously, which held wistful music. At a certain point in his life, he split away and made a piece which was progressively ordinary, called La Mer, which signifies the ocean. There were a wide range of arrangers during the Impressionistic Period. Some of them were Manuel de Falla, Fredrick Delius, Ralph Williams Vaughan, and Ottorino Respighi. These and different writers assisted with making up the Impressionistic Period. Delius and Vaughan were English writers. La Falla was a Spanish arranger. Impressionistic music was particularly well known in the European nations. Impressionistic music was impacted by Claude Monets painting, Sunrise. Other impressionistic craftsmen were Camile Pissaro, Auguste Renior, Edgar Degas, and Berthe Morisot. Numerous individuals of the time dismissed this style of workmanship. The artistic creations were overflowed with brilliant hues applied straightforwardly to the canvas in little finished strokes. This style broke the consistency of the plainly plot and spoke to artistic creations of this time. Impressionistic music had an ambiguity of structure and the subtle sign of impressionism. A few qualities are the utilization of eccentric harmony changes, near insignificance of song, and pentatonic scales regularly supplanted the major and minor scopes. The Impressionistic Period was additionally renowned for its writing. Impressionism in writing regularly is utilized extensively, including imagery, imagism, and different styles that were not forma ... <!

A Robin Miles Audiobook for Every Mood

A Robin Miles Audiobook for Every Mood Sponsored by Macmillan Audio Harry Tabor is about to be named Man of the Decade, a distinction that feels like the culmination of a well-lived life. He gathers in Palm Springs to celebrate with his wife, Roma, a distinguished child psychologist, and their children: Phoebe, a powerful attorney; Camille, a brilliant social anthropologist; and Simon, a big-firm lawyer. But immediately, cracks begin to appear in this smooth facade. Narrator Jonathan Davis alternates between the five Tabors in this gorgeously rendered audiobook from Cherise Wolas, acclaimed author of The Resurrection of Joan Ashby.?? Listen to an excerpt! Robin Miles is a queen among audiobook narrators, the gold standard to which I compare all other narrators. I have never listened to a book she narrated that I didnt love. Even when I dont love the book itself, her narration always takes it up a notch. Her voice is fluid and natural, never forced or awkward. She inhabits characters like she knows them inside out. Shes mastered a staggering array of voices and accents, across gender, culture, age, and nationality. I am convinced there is literally nothing she cant handle. When Im at a loss for what to listen to next, I always know I can find a Robin Miles audiobook to fit whatever mood Im in. Shes narrated a vast number of books in just about every genre. She does classics, childrens books, memoir, science fiction, fantasy, romance, light fiction, serious fiction, history.  Whether youre craving a thriller or a romance, a lighthearted middle grade adventure or a work of literary fiction, a collection of essays or a historical novel, theres a Robin Miles audiobook for every mood. When youre in the mood for a classic: Passing by Nella Larson First published in 1929, Nella Larsons classic novel about the friendship between two black women, one of whom has spent much of her life passing as white, is as relevant today as it ever was. Through the lens of a complicated and sometimes fraught relationship between two women, Larson delves into issues of race, gender,  sexuality, class, parenting, and marriage. The prose is sharp and elegant; Robin Miles brings it effortlessly to life. When youre in the mood to learn something: Hidden Figures  by margot lee shetterly Even if youve already seen the excellent movie, this book offers a fascinating look into an important bit of often forgotten history: the black women mathematicians who worked for NASA in the 1950s and 1960s, doing the hard work that would actually put rockets into space. These women, known as human computers, were an instrumental part of the space program, but havent gotten the recognition that their white male colleagues have. The sheer amount of information in this book can be overwhelming, but Robin Miless clear and steady narration makes it easy to follow. The Warmth of Other Suns  by isabel wilkerson In this gorgeous and intricate book of narrative nonfiction, Isabel Wilkerson tells the story of the Great Migrationâ€"the decades-long movement of black Americans from the South to northern cities in search of opportunities. Barracoon  by zora neale hurston Published posthumously in 2018, Barracoon tells the story of the last survivor of the Atlantic slave trade, Cudjo Lewis. Hurston interviewed Lewis in 1927, and this book is based on the in-depth conversations she had with him. Feminism is For Everybody by bell hooks bell hooks is one of the great feminist thinkers of our time, and in this volume, she turns her keen gaze to a range of issues facing feminists todayâ€"race, reproductive rights, sexuality, class. Her writing is both analytical and accessible, and her vision of a future free from racist, homophobic, and patriarchal ideas is one wed all do well to pay attention to. When youre in the mood for serious fiction: The Book of Night Women by Marlon James Told in gorgeous prose and full of emotion, his sweeping work of historical fiction tells the story of Lilith, a woman born into slavery on a sugar plantation in Jamaica at the end of the eighteenth century. Difficult Women by Roxane Gay In this collection of stories, Gay delves into the lives of women dealing with all manner of the difficult and painful (and sometimes just the ordinary). The stories are hard and beautiful, but in the best wayâ€"they illuminate all the messy contradictions of what it means to be a woman in the world today Breath, Eyes, Memory by Edwin Danticat Like all of Danticats work, this novel shimmers with beautiful, lyrical prose. It tells the story of Sophia, a young Haitian girl who travels from her small village in Haiti to New York, where she is reunited with a mother she hardly knows. The emotional journey that follows leads her through the US and Haiti, and into the charged realm of family secrets. When youre in the mood for something short: The Jumbies  by tracy baptiste This middle grade novel, based on Caribbean folklore, is full of magic and adventure, and steeped in the lush landscape of a small Caribbean island. Its about a young girl named Corinne, who discovers one day that jumbies, the spirits shes always assumed were just stories parents told their kids to frighten them, are much more real than she imagined. This warmhearted book is all about family and friendship, and Robin Miles brings all the charactersâ€"both human and non-humanâ€"perfectly to life. Another Brooklyn  by jacquline woodson This short and beautiful book reads almost like a dreamâ€"in the best possible way. Robin Miless perfect narration adds to the lilting, musical quality of the writing itself. When August runs into an old friend she hasnt seen in years, it sets off memories of her childhood and adolescence in Brooklyn, and the friendships that were at the center of her life. Told in a series of fragmented memories, its a quiet book about girlhood in the city. A Small Place  by jamaica kincaid Kincaids essay about her home island of Antigua is honest, sharp, and beautiful. Kincaid speaks with both love and frustration about the place she grew up, and makes clear the impact that colonialism and tourism has on this tiny island. Its the best kind of place-based writing: complicated and many-layered. Kincaid articulates many truthsâ€"about racism and resort communities and the things that visitors often chose not to see about places they visitâ€"in a short and very readable book. When youre in the mood for a memoir: Negroland  by margo jefferson In Negroland, Jefferson writes with elegance and precision about her upbringing among Chicagos black elite. Through the lens of her own family and childhood, she sheds light on many aspects of America culture, as well as the ways that race, class, and gender weave their way through every strata of American society. Jeffersons prose is beautiful, and her gift for analysisâ€"both as a cultural critic and as a person reflecting on her own particular lifeâ€"is on full display. The Girl Who Smiled Beads by clemantine wamariya When she was six years old, Clemantine Wamariya and her fifteen-year-old sister fled the Rwandan genocide and spent the next six years traveling throughout several African countries, seeking safety. When they were finally granted asylum in the U.S., Wamariya began another journeyâ€"this one into her own past. This searing and poignant memoir is about the lasting traumas of war, and about the myriad ways people find and claim their identities, even in the most devastating circumstances. when youre in the mood for YA or middle grade: American Street by ibi zoboi When Fabiola and her mother arrive in the US from Haiti, her mother is detained by immigration, leaving Fabiola to adjust to life in Detroit with her loud, unfamiliar American cousins and aunt all by herself. This YA novel is fresh and relevant, taking a hard look at the realities of US immigration, and the cost the myth of the American Dream levies on families. The Star Side of Bird Hill by naomi jackson This coming-of-age novel follows two sisters, Phaedra and Dionne, who are sent from Brooklyn to spend the summer with their grandmother in Barbados. The book beautifully captures the small village that the sisters suddenly find themselves a part of, and the intricacies of family and growing up. The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street by Karina Yan Glaser This middle grade novel about the big, loud and loving Vanderbeeker family is full of so much heart and joy. The Vanderbeekers have always lived in their beloved brownstone on 141st street, so when their landlord decides not to renew their lease, the five siblings must come up with a plan  (in only eleven days!) to stay in their home and convince their grumpy landlord just how fabulous they are. When youre in the mood for a bit of magic: The Broken Earth Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin The Broken Earth series is hands-down one of the best fantasy/science fiction series Ive ever read. The world-building is perfect and the characters are full of a depth and complexity that is rare even in realistic fiction. There is so much rich emotional material in these books, but the plot is also imaginative and full of creative twists and turns. Robin Miles brings this incredible world and its characters to life with an astounding range of voices and accents. I could listen to her read these books forever. The Book of Phoenix by Nnedi Okorafor This novel is full of what I love most about science fictionâ€"dystopian elements, fascinating AI and genetically altered humans, complex characters, and that creative overlap between magic and science. Its about Phoenix, a woman raised alongside other genetic experiments. Shes two years old, but she has the mind and body of an adult. When a tragic event causes her to rethink everything she knows about the place she was raised, she begins to plan an escapeâ€"which, in turn, changes her life, and the world itself. Midnight Robber by Nalo Hopkinson Midnight Robber,  part science fiction, part fantasy, begins on the Caribbean-colonized planet of Toussaint during Carnival. Tan-Tan has always enjoyed donning the costume of the Robber Queen at Carnivalâ€"until a crime her father commits gets them both entangled in a dangerous new world, full of mythological beasts and human outcasts. When Youre in the Mood to Read About Awesome Historical Women: Douglass Women by Jewel Parker Rhodes This work of historical fiction looks at the life of Frederick Douglassâ€"but through the eyes of the women who were important to him. But its not only a novel about Douglass himself and the role his wife and mistress played in his life, but about the lives of these women in their own right. Book of Ages: The Life and Opinions of Jane Franklin by Jill Lepore Benjamin Franklin is one of the most famous figures in American history, but the life of his sister, Jane, has been largely forgotten. Drawing on their extensive correspondence, as well as a slew of other documents and objets, Jill Lepore has woven a fascinating history of a little-known woman. Jane Franklin was political and observant, an avid reader and talented writer. This book illuminates her extraordinary life, and reveals the holes that often exist in historical narratives that are only told from one perspective. When youre in the mood for true crime: The 57 Bus by Dashka Slater This book examines a whole lot of big issuesâ€"the juvenile justice system, race, gender, and sexuality, and the ways that various identities intersect when it comes to how we view (and persecute) crime. The lives of two teenagers were forever changed one day on the 57 bus in Oakland: Sasha, who is white and gender nonconforming, and Richard, a sixteen-year-old black boy. Richard held a lighter to Sashas skirt; they suffered severe burns and Richard was charged with a hate crime. The story that follows is one about the aftermath of this act. Slater writes with deep compassion for both teens, highlighting the fact that most such stories are not just two-sided, but multi-sided. Also In This Story Stream Short Nonfiction Audiobooks for Your Next Roadtrip 12 Great Young Adult Audiobooks from 2018 Quiz: Find Your Romance Audiobook Match Bonding With My Sons Over Audiobooks 10 of the Best True Crime Audiobooks Magic, Mystery, and Math: 5 Audiobooks About Sci-Fi and Fantasy Schools 5 Classics that Gain New Meaning When You Listen to the Audiobook Mystery and Thrillers That Are Better on Audio 12 Own Voices Middle Grade Audiobooks 12 All-Ages Audiobooks Hit the (Audio)Books: Back-to-School Listens 8 Great Poolside Audiobooks Giveaway: Audiobooks Prize Pack Southern Audiobooks with Narrators with Decent Accents View all Audiobooks Week 2018 posts--> Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Edgar Allan Poe s The Dark Poems That He Is Famous For

Edgar Allan Poe Why did Poe write the dark poems that he is famous for? Almost every student has read either one or many of Edgar Allan Poe’s work. Poe is one of the best and most famous writers in American Literature. Professor Gene Doty of Missouri University of Science and Technology explains, â€Å"The meaning which the text has for the reader emerges from the interaction of the reader’s world with the world of the text† (Doty). Anything written is a context that includes the â€Å"writer’s feelings, beliefs, past experiences, goals, needs, and physical environment† (Doty). What Professor Gene Doty means, refereeing to Edgar Allen Poe, is that he wrote these sinister, dark poems, because of what has happened to him during his life. With that being said, I will elucidate the gloom behind these stories of Edgar Allan Poe and what prompted him to write these stories. Before looking into why Poe wrote these stories, you first need to understand what happened to hi m during his tragic life. Poe’s parents died when he was a young boy, he was placed into foster care, where the Allan family adopted him. Years later Poe’s foster mom died of tuberculosis. Edgar then married his cousin only to have her die of tuberculosis in 1842. Edgar Allen Poe felt as if god had placed a curse on him and plagued his love one with tuberculosis. Which is why Poe writes these dark stories, due to all the deaths that has incurred on him throughout his life. In The Masque of the Red Death, Poe compares theShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of Dark Love1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Dark Love The speaker in â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† says, â€Å"That moment she was mine, mine, fair, perfectly pure and good† (Browning, lines 36-37). Both Robert Browning and Edgar Allan Poe share a love for the themes of obsession, desire, and complicated love. Each of those three themes play an important role in dark love poetry. Each poet describes the main character in their poems as a woman worthy of the speaker’s obsessive, complicated, and desirable love. Both Robert Browning’s tragicRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1559 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe, a famous romanticism writer, created a gothic tone in his stories by describing the setting of his stories with vocabulary that helped create the dark plots of stories such as â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Pit and The Pendulum†. Poe’s own foster father, John Allan, stated that â€Å"His (Poe’s) talents are of an order that can never prove comfort to their possessor†. How did Poe create such gothic tones in his stories with only describing the foul settings and wickedRead MoreBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesMiller ENC1102 Feb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sister, WilliamRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Father Of Gothic Literature1393 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 3, 2017 Edgar Allan Poe Studies say that Edgar Allan Poe was the father of gothic literature. As an American writer and critic, he went through the struggles of living in poverty, having a drinking and gambling problem, and being judge based on his decisions. He was best known as an author of gothic fiction. He had a life of misfortune and indigence. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to two striving actors, David Poe Jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Poe. Some studiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven And The Fall Of The House Of Usher 896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an extremely well known American writer and is famous for his horrific and mysterious works such as, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher.† Poe was born in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts in an era that seems to have many dark and ominous writers and pieces of literature originating from that time period. Poe is said to have launched the interest in many of the detective type stories that we read from modern day writers. â€Å"In the early 1800s, romanticism was the dominantRead MoreLiterary Critics Of Edgar Allan Poe1693 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is credited to be one of the best writers, editors, and literary critics of all time. His poetry and short stories are w hat majority of people recognize him for. His long and intriguing stories about mystery and the macabre are just some examples of his classic writings. At first, Edgar Allan Poe was referred to as the inventor of the modern detective story and a specialist in the science fiction genre. It was not until later in his life that people began to acknowledge him as oneRead MoreCritical Theory : The Raven1394 Words   |  6 PagesTheory: Post-Structuralism (Deconstructionism) Author: Edgar Allan Poe Work: The Raven Literature has been one of the main sources of inspiration and possibly the most influential of modern media. There have been many authors that have had their works studied and transferred to to the big screen, including Charles Dickens, Herman Mellville, Jane Eyre, Nathanial Hawthorne, and many many more. Amoungst those authors is Edgar Allan Poe, one of America s most well-known 19th century writters. There haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven1232 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe: The Raven Literature is a very powerful tool that is used to make a huge impact on society or in someone’s perspective. As complex as the world, literature can appear in many forms using unique vernacular that expresses human endeavors. In some cases, social reform is Transcendentalism is an American literary, philosophical movement, promoting the idea of independent progress. The central idea is the optimistic viewpoint of humanity. People, men and women equally, have knowledgeRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Tale Heart, The Fall Of The House Of Usher, And Annabel Lee Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is well known for his poetry. Edgar Allan Poe was not only a world renowned poet, but he is also known as being a writer of short stories, as well as known for being a critic. Edgar Allan Poe has many literary works; quite possibly the most famous one being The Raven. Some of Edgar Allan Poe’s other famous works include The Tell-Tale Heart, The Fall of the House of Usher, and Annabel Lee. Edgar Allan Poe is also known as being a Romanticist, due to the factRead MoreThe Biography Of Edgar Allan Poe841 Words   |  4 PagesBiography of Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Lord, help my poor soul†, the last and final words of the amazing writer, Edgar Allan Poe, before his sudden death in 1849. Edgar Allan Poe wrote dark and treacherous stories and poems that often lead to the questioning of his mental state. Poe lived a rather difficult life in which writing was his escape. He at one time was in so much debt that he could have never payed it back even if his career took off. No one ever knew what had happened to Poe, only that he was a drunk

Antimicrobial Potency Of Silver Nanoparticles - 1691 Words

Abstract Bacteria have long since existed alongside humans, and while some are not harmful, there are many that are. Plants are commonly used natural remedies for diseases, and have been known to retain immense antibacterial properties that can fight bacteria. Silver nanoparticles have been also known to possess antimicrobial properties that aid in the fight against various bacteria. The use of plants as well as silver nanoparticles to fight against bacteria has caused much interest in the nanotechnology and medicine fields, and has been the basis of many studies. The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the antimicrobial potency of silver nanoparticles, and how they may be utilized to fight against various harmful bacteria. Bacteria: The Antimicrobial Potency of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles against It Bacteria are found all over the world in all types of regions and climates, and can also exist within other organisms (â€Å"Bacteria,† n.d.). Bacteria make up a large portion of the population of prokaryotic organisms that coexist with us (â€Å"Bacteria,† n.d.). As technology has evolved and our understanding of these organisms has increased, it has come to the attention of many in the scientific community that there is a significant amount of bacteria that live symbiotically within organisms such as humans (â€Å"Introduction to the Bacteria,† n.d.). As a matter of fact, human beings rely on bacteria to live. There are bacteria known as actinomycetes, that have beenShow MoreRelatedConcurrent To The Backlash Against Parabens, There Has1618 Words   |  7 Pages1800s and they are well known for their antimicrobial properties (Scher). Recently, a method to efficiently synthesize inert metal nanoparticles has allowed them to be introduced commercially. On the mar ket, more than 400 products take advantage of such nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are already integrated into the formulation of sunscreen, makeup, and skincare (Scher). Thousands of people utilize cosmetics with nanoparticles everyday. With various nanoparticle cosmetic products out on market, the

United States Recovery of Western Europe Post World War Free Essays

United States Recovery of Western Europe post World War II Most of Europe was demolished after World War II and had to rebuild but most governments were in debt and out of money because of the war. Many people didn’t have food to eat or more to pay their taxes which made it completely difficult for the governments to recovery tax to start rebuilding. Fortunately the United States was free of war and devastation making us the richest country in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on United States Recovery of Western Europe Post World War or any similar topic only for you Order Now We were able to give help to Europe and its allies to recover from the war. A great deal of Europe’s success would not have happened without its initial Foreign aid from the United States. Foreign aid is the transfer of money, goods, and services from one country to another. This helped to rebuild the economies of Western Europe and to help contain the Soviet expansion in the aftermath of World War II. The United State and Europe had to work fast because if Western Europe did not rebuild and grow strong quickly, it may soon fall to communism since the United States, and most of Europe had allied with the Russians in order to defeat Hitler and the Germans but they were also worried about the Russians and the  spread of communism. After helping destroy so much of the continent, killing over 55 million people, the U. S. used the Marshall Plan to put billions of dollars back into the European economy. The Marshall Plan was announced in June of 1947 and was named after Secretary of State George C. Marshall. It was very successful. Truman extended the Marshall Plan to less-developed countries throughout the world. The Western European countries involved experienced a rise in their gross national products. The United States have $13 billion for assistance in Western European countries for four year. By the end of the Marshall Plan, all participating countries were stronger than before. The plan help Europe economically recover from the war. How to cite United States Recovery of Western Europe Post World War, Essay examples

Visual Literacy And The Arts In Essay Example For Students

Visual Literacy And The Arts In Essay Students acquire the necessary skills to understand the meaning in texts and be able to produce their wan puissant writing as well. Arguments concerning literacy are centered almost exclusively on written text and this is the only definition of literacy in which most are exposed to. However, we live and work in a visually oriented society in which the idea of being visually literate remains extraneous to the mainstream definition of an educated person. Our current culture is one in which we are subjected daily to images in every form, and over- saturated with pictorial advertising, both informative and misleading, The importance of visual literacy as an important aspect of critical hinging in present times becomes clear in the tact of such prolific output. It has been traditionally placed in the realm of fine arts, taught as a component of art and, specifically, design. The popular mode of thought is that one either has some artistic talent that includes visual literacy or does not, but it is rather a skill that can be taught, much like reading. Visual literacy should be an integral part of a modern education and it should be central to the contemporary definition of literacy. It is estimated that almost half of the knowledge we acquire is through usual means, pointing to its relevance beyond traditional art education (Karakul When budget cuts become necessary, schools often mark arts programs as the first to be cut. They regard education for the humanities as an extravagance that is not so important even money is scarce, yet financial constraint is not the only threat. In our current education system, school curricula are designed around state mandated tests. It is no wonder then that time dedicated to arts education and visual literacy is often seen as time taken from more important studies, specifically those that states test for. With strict limits on time and money, visual literacy and education for the arts has become a luxury that schools cannot or will not afford. The idea that arts education is only a frivolity isnt new. Booker T. Washington argued that only once the African. American community had begun to achieve a certain prosperity should the arts be added to their education (Washington 17). Nevertheless, the concept that visual literacy is inessential to an effective education ignores the preponderance of art, visual communication and the necessity of visual literacy. The earliest known paintings and drawings are roughly 14,000 years old. Prosperity, it would seem, is not a precondition for a culture to rich visual communication. Rather than supporting visual literacy and arts education, though, the ubiquity of the arts and visual forms can as a logical argument against it. If people are making art regardless of their education and economic stature then why should schools devote time and money teaching it? Why not just let art, design, and the understanding of it happen as it will? We are surrounded daily by pictures both informative and aesthetic in a vast number of forms, therefore visual literacy will come on its own, perhaps through experience or simply chance. If this is considered a sound argument against teaching art, then it is equally logical to argue against teaching language. Kids can learn a language simply by growing up around people that speak it fluently. However, nobody has argued that we ought to let nature take its course and drop the study Of English from our schools for the sake Of saving money. We can appreciate how modern education improves the capability to read, write and speak effectively, yet schools do not give visual literacy the same consideration. Skepticism concerning the feasibleness of art education is bound in the false action that art cannot be taught. .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 , .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .postImageUrl , .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 , .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9:hover , .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9:visited , .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9:active { border:0!important; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9:active , .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9 .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u783b3fe53a9b441043d217801e6bbaf9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Erich Fromm and Shirley Jackson have both written wonderful true-life affecting essays and should be awarded for themTalent is a gift, something that a number of people are simply horn with, and art results from inspiration. Coinciding with these ideas is the concept that art appreciation is entirely subjective, a matter of however art makes the viewer feel. If these stereotypes were true, education could not do much tort the development to creative people or their audience. Nor could it teach young minds how to make sense of the visual information they are subjected to on a near constant basis. The misconception lies in the idea that education consists exclusively in the transfer of information and ends there, Since art is not strictly propositional, it must not contain verifiable truths or facts, and since most art does not present any arguments, or at least in an easily recognizable fashion, it must not require justification. Works of art then have very little, if any, credible data to convey. Construed as sources of information, Mary Motherless writes, the arts create a poor showing; as a means of acquiring nevi truths about the world or the soul, they are in competition with science and with philosophy (8). While inspiration certainly figures in the creation of art, the idea that art is entirely a product Of inspiration is unwarranted. Within the visual arts, students learn the powers and limitations of the various media available, as well as the effects Of color, light, shade, shape, and form. Further, artists benefit greatly from studying art history. Even if creative talent is a genetic gift, education can foster and develop those creative skills and the level of critical thinking needed to use those skills effectively. Regardless of the fact that most people will never be artists in the traditional sense, and comparatively ewe people will even be serious amateur artists, we are all part of a greater audience. Audiences of the humanities do not consist entirely of cultural elite. They embody everyone who watches TV, goes to the movies, reads the news or uses the internet. Indeed we are bombarded with visual stimuli continuously. Information graphics are everywhere we look, Visual literacy is worth it for its own sake, however it also provides a platform for understanding both of art and other matters as well. Through an education that includes visual literacy we can develop perspectives that allow us to raise questions that, without them, e might not have. It is also important to note that visual literacy and the arts in education can cultivate a demand for art that is economically essential. Data from the National Endowment for the Arts Survey of Public Participation in the Arts shows evidence of a chronic decline in the audience (Karakas 27). Equally as worrying is the steady decline of young adult participation. As the authors of, Cultivating Demand for the Arts, Arts learning, Arts Engagement, and State Arts Policy declare, declining demand leads to a loss of the public and private benefits derived from the arts (27).

The Evolving Role of Government in Education

Solid Waste Management In India Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Example

Solid Waste Management In India Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Example Solid Waste Management In India Environmental Sciences Essay Paper Solid Waste Management In India Environmental Sciences Essay Paper In India Environmental Sciences Essay In this report, some problems in solid waste management in India will be discussed as well as the efforts made by the government and the residents of India to help reduce the problems in managing the solid waste generated by the residents. India is known as one of the most populous countries in the world. It appears to be the second country to have the highest number of residents. With the total population of 1 . Billions, the management of solid waste in India has encountered problems. Each year, the population grew by 3-3. %, as this factor arises, the rate of solid waste generation also rise up to 1. 3 %. The solid waste management members in India must organize and manage the management excellently in order to provide a better living environment to the humans, animals and plants. An excellent solid waste management also helps in providing a good environment which has low pollutions including air, soil, and water pollutions. Thus, there are laws, rules, regulations, legislations and ordinances enforced by the government to make the citizens adhere to as one of the ways of managing the waste generation. The main cities in India, Mamba and New Delhi have appeared to be in the list of 25 Most Dirtiest Cities in The World. Mamba and New Delhi placed at 7th and 24th places respectively which the latter is less dirty. PROBLEMS Waste management is the main problem in India , faced with rapid population growth, disorientation of city governments, a lack of public awareness and involvement of public. Furthermore the insufficiency municipal solid waste collection and improper segregation of municipal solid waste and improper processing of solid waste can also contribute to main robbers waste management this is due to lacking of some technique, actions and management from authorities to improve municipal solid waste. EFFECTS ON POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT Health issue is the major problem in India as many of the disease came from the pollutions made by them. Health issue arise due to poor waste management for example is malnutrition, especially the children which is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. Medical dictionary,201 2) Furthermore, health issue such as dengue, fever, Hepatitis, tuberculosis , malaria , pneumonia, and also poor sanitation due to poor waste management. India also ranked 3rd among the countries with the most HIVE affected. Due to poor waste management by the authorities, availability of clean and safe water is minimized because of people threw rubbish at the river and the quality Of living will decrease. PROBLEM SOLVING: THE MANAGEMENT There are many approaches done by the county in managing the solid waste generation. One of the ways is by law enforcement. These are the laws that re regulated in the country: of waste management system National acts and rules: NATIONAL ACTS AND RULES The water (prevention and control of pollution ) Act, 1974 The water (prevention and control pollution) rules , teethe water (prevention and control pollution ) ICES ACT, 1977 water (prevention and control of pollution) ICES RULES, 1978 The air (prevention and control of pollution ) act, 1981 The environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Bio medical waste (Management and handling ) rules, 1998 Municipal solid waste (management and handling) rules 2000 The plastic waste (management and handling) rules, 201 1 E-waste (management and handling) rules, 201 1 EPA of waste management system in state of India :The Karakas town and country planning act, 1961 Shimmy municipal corporation ( sanitation and public health ) Bye-laws, 2004 Municipal Corporation of Barbarianism , municipal solid waste (prohibition of littering and regulation of segregation , storage, delivery collection ) rules 2006 Greater Mamba cleanliness ND sanitation bye-laws 2006 Andrea Pradesh water resources regulatory commission act Andrea Pradesh water reform (2009) Technique Action 1. Municipal solid wastes collection S State government should enforce a new strategic which prohibit littering of municipal solid waste in cities towns and urban areas. The following steps shall be taken by the municipal authority :Organizing house-to-house collection of municipal solid wastes through any of the methods, for example community bin collection (central bin), house-to-house collection, collection on regular pre-informed timings and scheduling by using bell ringing Of casual vehicle (without exceeding permissible noise levels) Planning a systematic way and united effort for collection of waste from poverty areas or localities including hotels, restaurants, office complexes and commercial areas. Bio-medical wastes and industrial wastes shall not be combined with municipal solid wastes and such wastes should follow the rules separately specified for the purpose. Horticultural and construction or demolition wastes or debris shall be separately collected and disposed off following proper norms. Similarly, wastes generated at dairies shall be regulated in accordance tit the State laws. Stray animals such as dogs and cats shall not be allowed to move around waste storage facilities or at any other place in the city or town and shall be managed in accordance with the State laws. The municipal authority shall notify waste collection schedule in neighborhoods. 2. Segregation of municipal solid wastes Segregation materials should be done by municipal authority by promote recycling and reused waste by create or organized an awareness programs and campaign. The municipal authority shall take in charge phased programs to ensure community participate in waste segregation programmed. For this purpose, the municipal authorities shall arrange regular meetings at quarterly intervals with representatives of local resident welfare associations and non- governmental organizations. 3. Storage of municipal solid wastes Municipal authorities shall establish and maintain storage facilities in such a manner as they do not create unhygienic and in sanitary conditions around it. There is some example criteria shall be taken to establishing and maintaining storage facilities : The quantities of waste generation should be counted in order to create enough storage facilities in a given area and the population insanities. Furthermore, a storage facility shall be so placed that it is accessible to user. Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other agency shall be so designed that wastes stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly. 4. Transportation Of municipal solid wastes Vehicles used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should not be visible to public, nor exposed to open environment preventing their scattering and unpleasant smell. The following criteria shall be met is : The outrage facilities set up by municipal authorities shall be daily attended for clearing of wastes. The bins or containers wherever placed shall be cleaned before they start overflowing. 5. Processing of municipal solid wastes To minimize burden on landfill the municipal authorities shall adopt suitable technology or combination techniques to process the municipal solid waste. The biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, propositioning, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of solid waste.

ECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ECONOMICS - Essay Example An organization will have to pay higher interest coverage for their long term debts. In addition to this, the charges for bank overdraft and short term borrowings will rise which will affect the working capital balances adversely. If the company has leased manufacturing instruments, it will have to pay a higher lease rental. Since an increase in the interest rates will tend to squeeze money out of the economy, employees might demand higher salaries as well. According to Bloomberg, the yield curve (as on May 8, 2009) predicts the rise of interest rate in near future. This means that organization will plan to maintain its profit in future. It can provide discounts to enhance the sales volume to make reserves for the dry season ahead. It can restrict research and development activities and curtail unnecessary costs since revenue generation might see a downfall. Cars and trucks are costly commodities and are generally bought by customers if they get convenient borrowing schemes. This makes interest rates a decisive factor in determining the sales. A high interest rate means that customers will have to pay a higher installment (EMI). This has greater implications for earning assets like trucks; customers (generally transporters) will postpone their present demand in anticipation of lower interest rates in future. This translates to the fact that consumer demand for both cars and trucks will come down. The main monetary items that affect the operations of a business are the cost of goods sold and general and administrative expenses. Cost of goods sold will depend on the cost of raw materials and the wages of the employees. The company might have to incur advertising and selling costs as well. For purpose of accounting, the company will have to incur depreciation expenses. The tax structure of the country where the company operates is an important determinant of operating costs. A high tax bill will increase the financial

Differences in social relationships on the Internet and conventional, Essay

Differences in social relationships on the Internet and conventional, face to face relationships - Essay Example However, the human need to be connected to others is always present, and so people have turned to the internet, specifically, some social networking sites and applications to fulfill this need in the midst of their busy schedules, as family and friends have become more accessible and available in just a click of a button. It also offers a myriad of opportunities for meeting more people, relaxing with online games, sharing pictures and videos and an outlet to express innermost thoughts and feelings to share with others. McCown et al. (593) conducted a study about people who meet people via the internet and found that in general, they tend to be truthful in their interactions although they initially did not reveal their true names and were careful about their anonymity. Eighty percent of the subjects of the study formed casual or friendly relationships while 6% formed intimate or romantic relationships. About a third of the subjects made offline contact with 40% conversing by phone and 33.3% actually meeting in person. It was also found that people who established friendships on the internet take appropriate precautions to protect their identities but find the medium a safe and effective way to interact with others and to expand one’s social circle. Some people, though, have kept private information about themselves private before getting involved in social networking sites. They go on their lives keeping things to themselves, or have the option to share them with others by verbally divulging such information. Control of information is greater and confidentiality is better assured under the shield of anonymity. In another study by Stephure et al. (658) on online dating and engaging in romantic relationships via the internet, it was found that involvement in online dating increases rather than decreases as people get older due to their diminishing satisfaction with conventional establishment of romances. The internet has become a convenient method of findin g a potential life partner. Stafford, Kline and Dimmick (662) remark that technology users think they can maintain relationships online especially those they have developed offline initially. At the time of their study (in the nineties) when video chat was not yet available, small and quick emails were used to keep in touch as opposed to letter writing. They also comment that some people tend to treat interactions with computers as social encounters so unconsciously, they also expect the rules of social interactions formed offline to also apply online. Colgate and Smith (140) have studied business relationships maintained online and found that the mode of interaction makes little difference to the strength of the relationship. Trust is established in the existence of good one-to-one relationship with the business partner. They also found that â€Å"the effects of the relationship banker are dependent on whether the customer uses primarily the branch versus the internet† (Colg ate and Smith, 40). With the coming of Facebook, old friends have been reunited, families have grown closer, and people have been updated with each other’s lives. Writing one’s status message helps keep others aware of the state of emotions or life situation a particular friend is in and may write their own comment to show support, or mere acknowledgement of

Does spirited away’ reflect traditional japan?

Does spirited away’ reflect traditional japan? To what extent does the world of hayao miyazakis spirited away reflect traditional japan? Anime has been described by Napier (2001, p.8) as â€Å"a richly fascinating contemporary Japanese art form that both harks back to traditional Japanese culture and moves forward to the cutting edge of art and media†. Hayao Miyazakis films are no stranger to featuring portrayals and representations of traditional Japan within the mythical worlds he creates in his films as well as those set in Japan. His imagery is vastly different to the ultra futuristic portrayals featured in the equally popular cyberpunk anime of Mamoru Oshiis Ghost in the Shell(1995), Katsuhiro Otomos Akira (1988) and all of their contemporaries. Spirited Away (2001) is arguably Miyazakis most widely known and regarded film both domestically and abroad, having become the most financially successful film of all time in Japan while also receiving the Academy Award for best animation. While being set in a modern Japan where technology has become more important than history and tradition, in Spirited Away Miyaz aki concentrates on several aspects of Japans cultural history. The protagonist of the film, Chihiro, has lived a pampered life in the city and is naÃÆ' ¯ve and unprepared for adulthood. Her parents are portrayed as greedy and irresponsible in the symbol of the â€Å"credit card wielding father turning into an overindulgent hog.† (Broderick, 2003) The ‘spirit world that she unknowingly enters represents the Taisho period of Japanese history (around 1912 to 1926), a popular setting in Anime, but of particular personal significance to Miyazaki. (Yoshioka, 2008) Childhood memories have influenced his use of this time which does not simply create a feeling of nostalgia, but, as Yoshioka says, â€Å"merges personal experience into a larger sense of past.† (Yoshioka, 2008: p.257) The aspects of traditional Japan displayed in the film vary from the extravagant grandeur of the bathhouse to the simple, yet quaint wooden houses and shops in the spirit town. The bathhouse even includes sliding paper doors and massive ornate ‘Satsuma-ware vases all representative of a prosperous location in Japan during the 1920s. It serves to act as an opposition to the modern character of Chihiro upon who the traditional aspects of Japanese society are lost. (Denison, 2007) Denison writes that the bathhouse â€Å"holds valuable lessons for modern (Japanese) society,† including, not allowing such a healthy eclectic heritage disappear in a culture obsessed with the furthering of technology as well as keeping the Japanese youth educated about their roots and heritage. Some of the major characters in the film also incorporate aspects of traditional Japanese folklore. Spirits have been featured as characters in many ancient Japanese folk tales, generally influenced by the two major religions Shinto and Buddhism. The ancient ‘River Spirit which Chihiro helps to clean appears to have a face which resembles a Japanese ‘Noh theatre mask. Another theatrical mask is also featured on the character of No-Face. The film also alludes to the practicing of religion in Japan and the ignorance of the youth towards it. In a scene at the beginning of the film Chihiro does not recognise some Shinto shrines and her mother explains their role yet it is evident that she does not consider them important saying â€Å"some people think little spirits live there.† (Spirited Away, 2001) It is evident from Miyazakis films as a whole that the ‘spirituality is a common and often prominent theme, particularly, but not exclusively, among his films aimed at children. Certain themes recur in Miyazakis films. In Spirited Away many of these appear such as childhood, materialism and most notably environmentalism. The story of the spirit Haku links to the arguments mentioned so far about the portrayal of tradition. The disappearance of Hakus home the ‘Kohaku River due to materialism has led to his forgetting of the past and even his name alluding to the real possibility of people in Japan being so focused on the future they forget elements of their past, in this case an ancient river paved over to build apartments. (Osmond, 2008) Other Miyazaki films have also included the relationship between the ‘spirits or ‘gods and humans, mainly about the difficulty of the two living in harmony. Princess Mononoke(1997), Ponyo(2008) and My Neighbour Totoro(1988) are examples of this with each also carrying the theme of environmentalism. All of the points mentioned so far have reinforced that the world featured within Spirited Away shows a traditional, typically Japanese culture which aims to critique modern Japanese society as well as educate the films young target audience about the importance of tradition. Thanks to Disneys worldwide distribution deal with Miyazakis production company Studio Ghibli, the market for anime has been expanded so hugely that theres a now global awareness of not only modern and pseudo-futuristic Japan but also heightened understanding of Japanese tradition; â€Å"fans (are) engaged with the cultural origins of anime texts†. (Cubbison, 2005: p.45) This market has been so developed that anime now seems to cater specifically for the international market within its films. The complex identities of Miyazakis characters, such as Haku or Yubaba in Spirited Away are, according to Denison, created to appeal to a Hollywood-saturated world market. These characters employ a number of traits n ot inherently Japanese. Also, some aspects of the architecture and artwork featured in the film are not typically Japanese but contain elements of Western styles. An example of this can be found in the small thatched cottage owned by Zeniba, the kind twin sister of the unpleasant witch Yubaba, the owner of the aforementioned bathhouse. The Anime film industry has varying takes on the issue of tradition, but Miyazaki has taken on the issue whole heartedly in his films. Miyazakis idea of the identity of the Japanese person, along with his concept of the loss of traditional culture in the technological Mecca of contemporary Japanese society, has proved significant in the visual appeal of his films as well as their artistic value. Not only does he reference parts of culture such as art, architecture and religion, but also references traditional theatre and behaviour (such as the removal of shoes before entering a house). Despite the fact that Miyazakis uses some hybridity with other cultures in his portrayal of tradition, the fundamental â€Å"Japaneseness† of Spirited Away is clear and irrefutable.

Structure of Language

he Structure of Language Language is a system of symbols and rules that is used for meaningful communication. A system of communication has to meet certain criteria in order to be considered a language: A language uses symbols, which are sounds, gestures, or written characters that represent objects, actions, events, and ideas. Symbols enable people to refer to objects that are in another place or events that occurred at a different time. A language is meaningful and therefore can be understood by other users of that language.A language is generative, which means that the symbols of a language can be combined to produce an infinite number of messages. A language has rules that govern how symbols can be arranged. These rules allow people to understand messages in that language even if they have never encountered those messages before. The Building Blocks of Language Language is organized hierarchically, from phonemes to morphemes to phrases and sentences that communicate meaning. Phon emes Phonemes are the smallest distinguishable units in a language.In the English language, many consonants, such as t, p, and m, correspond to single phonemes, while other consonants, such as c and g, can correspond to more than one phoneme. Vowels typically correspond to more than one phoneme. For example, o corresponds to different phonemes depending on whether it is pronounced as in bone or woman. Some phonemes correspond to combinations of consonants, such as ch, sh, and th. Morphemes Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units in a language. In the English language, only a few single letters, such as I and a, are morphemes. Morphemes are usually whole words or meaningful parts of words, such as refixes, suffixes, and word stems. Example: The word â€Å"disliked† has three morphemes: â€Å"dis,† â€Å"lik,† and â€Å"ed. † Syntax Syntax is a system of rules that governs how words can be meaningfully arranged to form phrases and sentences. Example: On e rule of syntax is that an article such as â€Å"the† must come before a noun, not after: â€Å"Read the book,† not â€Å"Read book the. † Language Development in Children Children develop language in a set sequence of stages, although sometimes particular skills develop at slightly different ages: Three-month-old infants can distinguish between the phonemes from any language.At around six months, infants begin babbling, or producing sounds that resemble many different languages. As time goes on, these sounds begin to resemble more closely the words of the languages the infant hears. At about thirteen months, children begin to produce simple single words. By about twenty-four months, children begin to combine two or three words to make short sentences. At this stage, their speech is usually telegraphic. Telegraphic speech, like telegrams, contains no articles or prepositions. By about age three years, children can usually use tenses and plurals.Children’ s language abilities continue to grow throughout the school-age years. They become able to recognize ambiguity and sarcasm in language and to use metaphors and puns. These abilities arise from metalinguistic awareness, or the capacity to think about how language is used. Ambiguous Language Language may sometimes be used correctly but still have an unclear meaning or multiple meanings. In these cases, language is ambiguous—it can be understood in several ways. Avoid biting dogs is an example of an ambiguous sentence. A person might interpret it as Keep out of the way of biting dogs or Don’t bite dogs.Theories of Language Acquisition The nature vs. nurture debate extends to the topic of language acquisition. Today, most researchers acknowledge that both nature and nurture play a role in language acquisition. However, some researchers emphasize the influences of learning on language acquisition, while others emphasize the biological influences. Receptive Language before E xpressive Language Children’s ability to understand language develops faster than their ability to speak it. Receptive language is the ability to understand language, and expressive language is the ability to use language to communicate.If a mother tells her fifteen-month-old child to put the toy back in the toy chest, he may follow her instructions even though he can’t repeat them himself. Environmental Influences on Language Acquisition A major proponent of the idea that language depends largely on environment was the behaviorist B. F. Skinner (see pages 145 and 276 for more information on Skinner). He believed that language is acquired through principles of conditioning, including association, imitation, and reinforcement. According to this view, children learn words by associating sounds with objects, actions, and events.They also learn words and syntax by imitating others. Adults enable children to learn words and syntax by reinforcing correct speech. Critics of t his idea argue that a behaviorist explanation is inadequate. They maintain several arguments: Learning cannot account for the rapid rate at which children acquire language. There can be an infinite number of sentences in a language. All these sentences cannot be learned by imitation. Children make errors, such as overregularizing verbs. For example, a child may say Billy hitted me, incorrectly adding the usual past tense suffix -ed to hit.Errors like these can’t result from imitation, since adults generally use correct verb forms. Children acquire language skills even though adults do not consistently correct their syntax. Neural Networks Some cognitive neuroscientists have created neural networks, or computer models, that can acquire some aspects of language. These neural networks are not preprogrammed with any rules. Instead, they are exposed to many examples of a language. Using these examples, the neural networks have been able to learn the language’s statistical s tructure and accurately make the past tense forms of verbs.The developers of these networks speculate that children may acquire language in a similar way, through exposure to multiple examples. Biological Influences on Language Acquisition The main proponent of the view that biological influences bring about language development is the well-known linguist Noam Chomsky. Chomsky argues that human brains have a language acquisition device (LAD), an innate mechanism or process that allows children to develop language skills. According to this view, all children are born with a universal grammar, which makes them receptive to the common features of all languages.Because of this hard-wired background in grammar, children easily pick up a language when they are exposed to its particular grammar. Evidence for an innate human capacity to acquire language skills comes from the following observations: The stages of language development occur at about the same ages in most children, even though different children experience very different environments. Children’s language development follows a similar pattern across cultures. Children generally acquire language skills quickly and effortlessly. Deaf children who have not been exposed to a language may make up their own language.These new languages resemble each other in sentence structure, even when they are created in different cultures. Biology and Environment Some researchers have proposed theories that emphasize the importance of both nature and nurture in language acquisition. These theorists believe that humans do have an innate capacity for acquiring the rules of language. However, they believe that children develop language skills through interaction with others rather than acquire the knowledge automatically. Language, Culture, and Thought Researchers have differing views about the extent to which language and culture influence the way people think.In the 1950s, Benjamin Lee Whorf proposed the linguistic re lativity hypothesis. He said language determines the way people think. For example, Whorf said that Eskimo people and English-speaking people think about snow differently because the Eskimo language has many more words for snow than the English language does. Most subsequent research has not supported Whorf’s hypothesis. Researchers do acknowledge, however, that language can influence thought in subtle ways. For example, the use of sexist terminology may influence how people think about women.Two ways that people commonly use language to influence thinking are semantic slanting and name calling. Semantic Slanting Semantic slanting is a way of making statements so that they will evoke specific emotional responses. Example: Military personnel use the term â€Å"preemptive counterattack† rather than â€Å"invasion,† since â€Å"invasion† is likely to produce more negative feelings in people. Name Calling Name calling is a strategy of labeling people in order to influence their thinking. In anticipatory name calling, it is implied that if someone thinks in a particular way, he or she will receive an unfavorable label.Example: On the day a student buys a new desk, he might say, â€Å"Only a slob would pile junk on a desk like this. † This might help ensure that his roommate keeps it free of junk. Bilingualism Although people sometimes assume that bilingualism impairs children’s language development, there is no evidence to support this assumption. Bilingual children develop language at the same rate as children who speak only one language. In general, people who begin learning a new language in childhood master it more quickly and thoroughly than do people who learn a language in adulthood. Language and Nonhuman PrimatesSome researchers have tried to teach apes to use language. Because of the structure of their vocal organs, apes can’t say words, but they can communicate using signs or computers. Using these means, a pes can make requests, respond to questions, and follow instructions. The Case of Washoe the Chimpanzee Researchers at Central Washington University taught a chimpanzee named Washoe to use American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate. She could sign not only single words but also meaningful combinations of words. She could follow instructions and respond to questions given in ASL.Later, Washoe’s foster child, Loulis, learned signs just by watching Washoe and other chimps that had been trained to use language. Some research even suggested that language-trained chimps may use signs spontaneously to communicate with each other or to talk to themselves, although this behavior is not thoroughly documented. Skepticism about Ape Language Critics of the idea that apes can learn and use language have maintained several arguments: Apes, unlike people, can be trained to learn only a limited number of words and only with difficulty.Apes use signs or computers to get a reward, in the same way that other animals can be taught tricks. But learning tricks is not equivalent to learning language. Apes don’t use syntax. For example, they don’t recognize the difference between Me eat apple and Apple eat me. Trainers may be reading meanings into signs apes make and unintentionally providing cues that help them to respond correctly to questions. Clearly, communication in nonhuman animals differs drastically from language in humans. The spontaneity, uniqueness, and reflective content of human language remains unmatched. Nonprimates Can CommunicateResearchers have taught nonprimate animals, such as parrots, to communicate meaningfully. Parrots that participated in language acquisition studies learned to identify dozens of objects, distinguish colors, and make simple requests in English. One famous example is Alex the African gray parrot, owned by Irene Pepperberg from the University of Arizona. Alex can â€Å"speak† hundreds of words, but what makes him mor e unique is that he appears to do more than just vocalize. Though Pepperberg does not claim that Alex uses â€Å"language,† she does believe that when Alex talks, he is expressing his thoughts, not just mimicking.The Structure of Cognition Cognition, or thinking, involves mental activities such as understanding, problem solving, and decision making. Cognition also makes creativity possible. The Building Blocks of Cognition When humans think, they manipulate mental representations of objects, actions, events, and ideas. Humans commonly use mental representations such as concepts, prototypes, and cognitive schemas. Concepts A concept is a mental category that groups similar objects, events, qualities, or actions. Concepts summarize information, enabling humans to think quickly.Example: The concept â€Å"fish† includes specific creatures, such as an eel, a goldfish, a shark, and a flying fish. Prototypes A prototype is a typical example of a concept. Humans use prototypes to decide whether a particular instance of something belongs to a concept. Example: Goldfish and eels are both fish, but most people will agree that a goldfish is a fish more quickly than they will agree that an eel is a fish. A goldfish fits the â€Å"fish† prototype better than an eel does. Cognitive Schemas Cognitive schemas are mental models of different aspects of the world. They contain knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, associations, and expectations.Example: People may have a schema about New York that includes information they’ve learned about New York in school, their memories of New York, things people have told them about New York, information from movies and books about New York, what they assume to be true about New York, and so on. Theories of Cognitive Development Cognitive development refers to the change in children’s patterns of thinking as they grow older. Jean Piaget’s Stage Theory The scientist best known for research on cognitive dev elopment is Jean Piaget (see pages 72–75), who proposed that children’s thinking goes through a set eries of four major stages. Piaget believed that children’s cognitive skills unfold naturally as they mature and explore their environment. Lev Vygotsky’s Theory of Sociocultural Influences Psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that children’s sociocultural environment plays an important role in how they develop cognitively. In Vygotsky’s view, the acquisition of language is a crucial part of cognitive development. After children acquire language, they don’t just go through a set series of stages. Rather, their cognitive development depends on interactions with adults, cultural norms, and their environmental circumstances.Private Speech Vygotsky pointed out that children use language to control their own behavior. After children acquire language skills and learn the rules of their culture, they start to engage in private speech. They first talk to themselves out loud, and then, as they grow older, silently, giving themselves instructions about how to behave. Current Research on Cognitive Development Current research indicates that children have complex cognitive abilities at much younger ages than Piaget suggested. As early as four months of age, infants appear to understand basic laws of physics.For example, a four-month-old infant can recognize that solid objects cannot pass through other solid objects and that objects roll down slopes instead of rolling up. At five months of age, infants can recognize the correct answers to addition and subtraction problems involving small numbers. These observations have led some researchers to speculate that humans are born with some basic cognitive abilities. Critics argue that researchers who find these results are overinterpreting the behavior of the infants they study. Quick Review The Structure of LanguageLanguage is a system of symbols and rules used for meaningful communi cation. A language uses symbols and syntax and is meaningful and generative. Language is organized hierarchically from phonemes to morphemes to phrases and sentences. Children develop language in a set sequence of stages. Theories of Language Acquisition Behaviorist B. F. Skinner strongly supported the idea that language depends largely on environment. Skinner believed that people acquire language through principles of conditioning. Critics argue the inadequacy of behaviorist explanations.Some cognitive neuroscientists have created neural networks that can acquire some aspects of language by encountering many examples of language. They think children may acquire language in the same way. Noam Chomsky is the main proponent of the importance of biological influences on language development. Chomsky proposed that human brains have a language acquisition device that allows children to acquire language easily. Some researchers believe that language is both biologically and environmentall y determined. The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that language determines the way people think.Today, researchers believe language influences, rather than determines, thought. Two ways that people use language to influence thinking are semantic slanting and name calling. People master a new language better if they begin learning it in childhood. Nonhuman animals can learn some aspects of language. Language and Nonhuman Primates Some researchers have tried to teach apes to use language. Apes can communicate, but researchers are divided on whether this communication can really be considered â€Å"learning language. † The Structure of CognitionCognition involves activities such as understanding, problem solving, decision making, and being creative. People use mental representations such as concepts, prototypes, and cognitive schemas when they think. Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget believed that children’s cognitive skills unfold naturally as they ma ture and explore their environment. Lev Vygotsky believed that children’s sociocultural environment plays an important role in cognitive development. Some researchers have shown that humans are born with some basic cognitive abilities. Problem-SolvingProblem-solving is the active effort people make to achieve a goal that is not easily attained. Three common types of problems involve inducing structure, arranging, and transformation. Some approaches to problem-solving are trial and error, deductive and inductive reasoning, use of algorithms and heuristics, dialectical reasoning, creation of subgoals, use of similar problems, and changes in the way the problems are represented. Researchers have identified many obstacles to effective problem-solving, such as focus on irrelevant information, functional fixedness, mental set, and assumptions about unnecessary constraints.Decision-Making Decision-making involves weighing alternatives and choosing among them. Additive strategies and elimination strategies are ways of making decisions about preferences. Using expected value, subjective utility, the availability heuristic, and the representativeness heuristic are all ways of making risky decisions. Using the representativeness heuristic can make people susceptible to biases, such as the tendency to ignore base rates and the gambler’s fallacy. Using the availability heuristic can make people susceptible to overestimating the improbable or underestimating the probable.In an effort to minimize risk, people also make decision-making errors, such as the overconfidence effect, the confirmation bias, and belief perseverance. Creativity Creativity is the ability to generate novel, useful ideas. Creativity is characterized by divergent, rather than convergent, thinking. Some characteristics of creative people are expertise, nonconformity, curiosity, persistence, and intrinsic motivation. People can best realize their creative potential if they are in environmental circumstances that promote creativity.

Drama Exploration Essay

During this task, we got into groups of four or five. Each of the four groups was given an Act from the play to create a statue of Proctor at contrasting moments. Proctor’s emotions varied; each statue had a very different objective, e. g. to intimidate, to plead, etc. My group, looked for lines to base our statues on in Act One. Through my statue of Proctor- I had a straight back, my arms + hands were pointed forward and I had a frown, based on the line,† be you deaf†¦ â€Å", I discovered a few things about Proctor. Because the moment I chose was one that I preformed in an angry tone, I choose an angry line: â€Å"I’ll show you a great doin’ on you arse†¦ † This line is preformed in mockery and is almost playful but, stern. I realized that Proctor is the only character so far to whom we can relate. He has a sense of humor and seems like the only character that is not constantly serious. Proctor is calm and we can visualize his entrance and aura. The fact that he has a sense of humor makes us, as the audience, like him. Group Two looked at Act Two. There were many contrasting moments. The statues that I remember did not focus on the relationship between Elizabeth and Proctor, to the extent that I would have liked. The statue that did a small investigation on how Proctor is feeling was Justin’s: Sitting on a chair, hands interlocked with a soft face and an arched back as if talking softly to someone (Elizabeth). He said his line â€Å"I mean to please you† sincerely and softly. Because of Justin’s performance, I realized that Proctor and Elizabeth are still uneasy because of the affair. Furthermore, Elizabeth is being very difficult and Proctor is trying very hard to try and get the relationship back together. Another line which comes to mind is â€Å"an everlasting funeral marches around your heart. † This is when Proctor loses his temper; Proctor has tried really hard and is lashing out because of what Elizabeth said to him. The important thing that I realized: Proctor did commit adultery but, there is a substantial possibility that it was not entirely his fault. If Elizabeth is acting this way at this point â€Å"un-cooperative and stubborn† there is a substantial possibility that she had the qualities before the affair, refining my point. Group Three looked at Act Three. During this scene that is entirely located in the courthouse, various things happen. Proctor entered the courthouse very calm: Andres portrays Proctor holding himself very high, his head is thrown back and he has his chest out, revealing the new information to the court: â€Å"She never saw no sprits sir† The tone is almost pleading; Proctor is really respectful to the Judge and he understands that he needs to keep his temper cool. I believe that Group Three covered the main moments. They chose the line where Proctor looses his temper and finally cracks- Proctor calls Abigail a- â€Å"whore†- and reveals that he has had an affair. The important thing that I realized is: Proctor has admitted his sin to the Puritan society. Proctor knows by revealing the information about his affair with Abigail he has ruined his name in Salem. The reason why Proctor has revealed the information is important: he really loves his wife Elizabeth and he would sacrifice everything for her. Proctor’s plan backfires; Elizabeth tells a lie. Group Three choose that moment: â€Å"God is dead† I realized that it’s not because Proctor does not believe in God. I realized and was reminded that Proctor says that because he believes that the events would not happen if God were looking after them: young girls should not be able to manipulate a court of grown men. Group Four looked at Act 4. At this point Proctor is broken. Proctor is shown having his life taken away; he still has his dignity. Proctor is reduced to almost nothing: he is kneeling, Proctor wanted his life. Proctor chooses to reveal he was working with the devil, because he wants to live with Elizabeth. Because of what Danforth wants from him Proctor lost his temper- Proctor is asked to sign his name to his statements. When Danforth asks him for his signature, at this point, Proctor has had enough and decided to be hung. The image, when Proctor stood tall and opposes Danforth, helped me understand something very important: Proctor is the hero of the play. Proctor chooses to die then make his friends die pointlessly. Proctor’s sacrifice: condemning himself to death instead of letting his friends die in vain. It would be so easy for Proctor to give up and live his life quietly in the farm. However, because of his sacrifice he has shown ultimate courage and goodwill. Proctor is the hero who we admire. Miller wants us to like Proctor. Proctor is human; he had an affair; we all have flaws. Proctor contrast, with other charters. Tituba was in a similar position but she broke and told lies. Proctor stood up for what is right. Proctor goes against the court and it costs him his life. Miller is trying to tell us something: Miller wants us to realize that heroes don’t always win. A hero is someone who stands up against adversity and does what he thinks is right. We repeated the same procedure with Abigail. However, Abigail had no lines in Act 2 and 4 so those two groups were forced to create images for Abigail. I was part of Group One. The statue that was shown had a lot of contrast. Abigail was shown as a girl that had different emotions depending on who she was talking too. Our group choose the moment where Abigail was threatened the other girls â€Å"a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. † I was the statue for that line. I closed my fist, as if mimicking the knife, and said my line cruelly with nostrils flaring. The audience had contrast between my line and Nicole’s: â€Å"give me a word John†¦ † This shows that Abigail changes her personality refining my first point. Nicole said the line trying to seduce John, her head was tilted back and her face was soft, the audience has to realize that Abigail has not given up on John even though she had been sacked. Furthermore, Abigail changes her personality according to the people around her. Group Two focused on Act Two. Abigail had no lines in Act Two, so the group had to invent some. The statue that I think conveyed the importance of Act Two was Enrique’s. Enrique was sitting on a chair clutching his stomach: rolled on the floor and groaned and said, as held up his hand, â€Å"a needle†. The audience has to understand that Abigail really wants to kill Elizabeth ruining her name so. Because Abigail did this and said, we are told by Herrick, â€Å"Goody Proctor sent her sprit on me† Elizabeth is taken to prison. Furthermore, John got direct and aggressive and decided to go with Mary Warren to confront the court. Group Three focused on Act Three. This is the scene where Proctor confronts the court trying to prove Abigail as a liar. The most important statue that I remember: Abigail in fright and her line â€Å"Why do you come yellow bird? † This acting by Abigail is very smart- she diverts all the attention away from her. Abigail is kneeling looking up with her hand in her hair, this makes her look venerable and we pity her. Proctor challenges her in front of the court revealing the affair, although not proven, to bring the tension away from her she chooses to make a scene. Through this acting the accusation of her innocence is forgotten, the attention is drawn to Mary Warren- Abigail is a smart girl and everything is planned in her mind. Group Four focused on Act Three. Similarly to Act Two, Miller only references Abigail not giving her any lines. The statue that I felt was most important: Abigail sobbing. Abigail had her head in her hands and said â€Å"no! He is dead†. Abigail still loves Proctor. Abigail did not want Proctor dead, only Elizabeth. As a child, Abigail can not comprehend with Proctor’s mentality. Abigail does not understand that Proctor really loves his wife, the affair was a mistake. Abigail can’t accept that Proctor does not love her. The audience has to realize that Abigail did those things not to be popular or for fun. I feel that Abigail honestly wanted to hurt people. In act 2 and 4 Abigail has no lines but is mentioned and events- Elizabeth being taken to prison- a result of Abigail. This shows her importance and how events are carefully planned by her. She did exactly what she wanted to do. She is a leader and has a lot of power. Abigail, through the menacing lines warning and threatening her friends get what she wants.

MK389 Assignment 2015 Upd Essay - 2652 Words

‘.~ Module Code: MK0389 Module Title: Global Marketing and Communication Distributed on: Week 1 Hand in Date: TBC Instructions on Assessment: The assessment is in two parts: Group seminar presentations contribute to 30% of the overall mark The individual assignment contributes to 70% of the overall mark Seminar activities (30%) Students will work in small groups within their seminar and make two assessed presentations on their chosen global brand. Further information on the seminar activities is detailed separately. Final Individual assignment (70%) The individual assignment is based on the development of a marketing communications plan for the launch of a product/brand of your choice (ideally taken from any of the brands from†¦show more content†¦Excessive use of an appendix for material which should be included ion the body will be penalised. Students writing in essay format will be penalised. (Some basic instruction if required here) Important note about ARNA regulations The regulations specify that students must complete every assessment component contributing to the modules on their programme. This applies to all forms of assessment as defined in the module descriptor. Please note that: if any assessment component is not completed, students will be failed in the module even if the module pass mark has been achieved; if the requirements for referral specified in section 5 of ARNA1 are met, a resit opportunity will be given; if unable to complete an assessment component because of extenuating circumstances, students should follow the procedure described in the Student Guide to Extenuating Circumstances1. This change was approved by Academic Board on 12 October 2009 in consultation with the Students’ Union. Students should consult their Programme Leader or Guidance Tutor if they have any queries. Independent advice and support is also available from the Students’ Union Advice Representation Centre (su.advice@northumbria.ac.uk) or from a student adviser in Student Services. 1ARNA and the Student Guide to Extenuating Circumstances